Shia Strength: [MahdiUniteMuslims] Surah 60 ayat 1-13

[Pickthal 60:1] O ye who believe! Choose not My enemy and your enemy for allies. Do ye give them friendship when they disbelieve in that truth which hath come unto you, driving out the messenger and you because ye believe in Allah, your Lord? If ye have come forth to strive in My way and seeking My good pleasure, (show them not friendship). Do ye show friendship unto them in secret, when I am Best Aware of what ye hide and what ye proclaim? And whosoever doeth it among you, he verily hath strayed from the right way.
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 60:1]

The immediate occasion for the revelation of this passage was a letter, secretly despatched from Madina, through a slave songstress of Makka who came to Madina posing as a destitute but was a spy, by Hatib, a muhajir, addressed to the Makkans, giving them notice of the intended Muslim expedition to Makka, and advising them to arm themselves to fight against the Holy Prophet. Jibrail revealed the affair to the Holy Prophet who immediately sent Ali, Miqdad and Ammar after her. The spy, when intercepted, readily presented herself for a search, denying the charge she was accused of. Having full faith in the knowledge of the Holy Prophet, Ali threatened her with slaughter if she did not produce the letter. Then she brought the letter from the long tresses of her hair. On being questioned, Hatib offered the excuse that it was solely due to his natural desire to save his unprotected family at the hands of the Makkan pagans. The Holy Prophet, in view of his past conduct, graciously asked him to seek pardon from Allah.

This was shortly before the conquest of Makka, but the principle is of universal importance. There cannot be any intimacy with the enemies of your faith and people, who are persecuting your faith and seeking to destroy you and your faith. You should not do so even for the sake of your relatives, as it compromises the life and existence of your whole community. For treachery the plea of children and relatives will not be accepted when the day of judgement comes. Children, family and friends will be of no avail.

The command to avoid contact with the enemies of the truth is the basis of the doctrine of tabarra. Tabarra is not vulgar vilification or wanton abuse. It is that which has been commanded in this verse.

[Pickthal 60:2] If they have the upper hand of you, they will be your foes, and will stretch out their hands and their tongues toward you with evil (intent), and they long for you to disbelieve.
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 60:2] (see commentary for verse 1)
[Pickthal 60:3] Your ties of kindred and your children will avail you naught upon the Day of Resurrection. He will part you. Allah is Seer of what ye do.
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 60:3] (see commentary for verse 1)
[Pickthal 60:4] There is a goodly pattern for you in Abraham and those with him, when they told their folk: Lo! we are guiltless of you and all that ye worship beside Allah. We have done with you. And there hath arisen between us and you hostility and hate for ever until ye believe in Allah only - save that which Abraham promised his father (when he said): I will ask forgiveness for thee, though I own nothing for thee from Allah - Our Lord! In Thee we put our trust, and unto Thee we turn repentant, and unto Thee is the journeying.
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 60:4]

Refer to the commentary Anam: 75 and Bara-at: 114 and Maryam: 41 to 48 for "there is for you an excellent pattern in Ibrahim." Ibrahim warned Azar, not his father but the patriarch of his family and his people, against idolatry and prayed for Azar, but when they became open enemies of Allah, he dissociated himself from them and left his home, his family and his people. "Those with him" were his wife and nephew Lut and those who believed in Allah who went into exile with him. The enemies of Allah are the enemies of the believers. Therefore the believers must cut themselves off from them, unless they repent and submit themselves to Allah.

The believers must put their trust in Allah and seek His protection from becoming so weak as to tempt the disbelievers to try to attack and destroy them.

For fitnat see commentary of Baqarah: 102 and Anfal: 25.

Imam Jafar bin Muhammad as Sadiq said:

"In ancient times every believer was poor and a great number of disbelievers were men of large means, but when Ibrahim prayed to Allah to make believers strong and able to stand up to the disbelievers, riches or poverty became the fruit of one's labour and efforts."

[Pickthal 60:5] Our Lord! Make us not a prey for those who disbelieve, and forgive us, our Lord! Lo! Thou, only Thou, are the Mighty, the Wise.
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 60:5] (see commentary for verse 4)
[Pickthal 60:6] Verily ye have in them a goodly pattern for everyone who looketh to Allah and the Last Day. And whosoever may turn away, lo! still Allah, He is the Absolute, the Owner of Praise.
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 60:6] (see commentary for verse 4)
[Pickthal 60:7] It may be that Allah will ordain love between you and those of them with whom ye are at enmity. Allah is Mighty, and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 60:7]

That which has been stated in this verse happened on taking of Makka, when some of the leading Quraysh, who had till then been invertebrate enemies of Islam, apparently embraced the faith and their hostility was neutralised.

[Pickthal 60:8] Allah forbiddeth you not those who warred not against you on account of religion and drove you not out from your homes, that ye should show them kindness and deal justly with them. Lo! Allah loveth the just dealers.
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 60:8]

Fairness and equity are made obligatory in dealing with every creature of Allah whatever his beliefs may be, unless they exceed all bounds and come out to destroy the faith and the faithful.

Aqa Mahdi Puya says:

Islam enjoins kindness, fairplay and justice to non-violent non-muslims.

[Pickthal 60:9] Allah forbiddeth you only those who warred against you on account of religion and have driven you out from your homes and helped to drive you out, that ye make friends of them. Whosoever maketh friends of them - (All) such are wrong-doers.
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 60:9] (see commentary for verse 8)
[Pickthal 60:10] O ye who believe! When believing women come unto you as fugitives, examine them. Allah is Best Aware of their faith. Then, if ye know them for true believers, send them not back unto the disbelievers. They are not lawful for them (the disbelievers), nor are they (the disbelievers) lawful for them. And give them (the disbelievers) that which they have spent (upon them). And it is no sin for you to marry such women when ye have given them their dues. And hold not to the ties of disbelieving women; and ask for (the return of) that which ye have spent; and let them (the disbelievers) ask for that which they have spent. That is the judgment of Allah. He judgeth between you. Allah is Knower, Wise.
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 60:10]

Under the treaty of Hudaybiya [see Fat-h: 1 clause (ii) and (iii),] whosoever wished to join the Holy Prophet had the liberty to do so, but if claimed back by the guardian should be returned. A party of men and women came to the Holy Prophet and embraced Islam among whom was Saba daughter of Harith. Her husband came and demanded her return under clause (iii). But as the Quraysh had already broken the treaty, some instructions were necessary as to what should be done in such circumstances. Muslim women married to pagan husbands were oppressed for their faith and some of them came to Madina as refugees. After this verse, they were not to be resumed to the custody of their pagan husbands, as the marriage of believing women with non-muslims is held to be dissolved if the husbands do not accept Islam. In order to give no room of complaint to the pagans, the dower they had given on marriage should be repaid to the husband.

Islam recognises the change of faith as one of the causes of separation.

The believers are told to examine women who come to them as fugitives from the idolaters and find out their real and inner motives that they are prompted by the sole desire of serving Islam and of saving their faith, and are not pretenders. The examination should be directed, among other things, to the points mentioned in verse 12. They were required

(i) not to worship any god save one true God, Allah;

(u) not to steal;

(iii) not to indulge in sex outside the marriage tie;

(iv) not to commit infanticide,

(v) not to disobey the laws and principles of Islam.

Ma arjulihanna literally means "not to utter slander which they have forged between their hands and feet", which implies the practice of ascribing their spurious (illegitimate) children to their husbands.

La yaqtulna awladahunna (not to kill their children) also refers to abortion.

[Pickthal 60:11] And if any of your wives have gone from you unto the disbelievers and afterward ye have your turn (of triumph), then give unto those whose wives have gone the like of that which they have spent, and keep your duty to Allah in Whom ye are believers.
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 60:11] (see commentary for verse 10)
[Pickthal 60:12] O Prophet! If believing women come unto thee, taking oath of allegiance unto thee that they will ascribe no thing as partner unto Allah, and will neither steal nor commit adultery nor kill their children, nor produce any lie that they have devised between their hands and feet, nor disobey thee in what is right, then accept their allegiance and ask Allah to forgive them. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 60:12] (see commentary for verse 10)
[Pickthal 60:13] O ye who believe! Be not friendly with a folk with whom Allah is wroth, (a folk) who have despaired of the Hereafter as the disbelievers despair of those who are in the graves.
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 60:13]

See commentary of Mujadilah: 14 and verses 1 to 3 of this surah for not turning to disbelievers for friendship.

Aqa Mahdi Puya says:

The last portion of this verse asserts that to believe that the people of the grave have no existence at all and are just dust and decayed bones is kufr (infidelity).

If you persevere in adversity and depend on God, then know that He will remove your afflictions and bestow vast blessings upon you. For in His Book God promises, "Those who depend upon Allah, Allah bestows His bounty upon them and provides for them from means unknown." Therefore follow the road of patience and rejoice in His infinite bounty.

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